{"id":12653,"date":"2022-12-13T10:58:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T23:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/?p=12653"},"modified":"2023-11-30T19:35:48","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T08:35:48","slug":"christs-commanders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/12\/13\/christs-commanders\/","title":{"rendered":"Christ\u2019s commanders"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><i>This article is the third in a series on religion in the Australian Defence Force. Read the <\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/16\/the-committee-of-clerics-lording-it-over-defence\/\"><b><i>first article here<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i>. Read the <\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/24\/losing-faith-in-defence-chaplaincy\/\"><b><i>second article here<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i>.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2012, the then Chief of the Australian Defence Force David Hurley \u2013 and now Governor-General \u2013 joined with fellow Christians at a \u2018Spiritual Boot Camp\u2019, hosted by the group Military Christian Fellowship (MCF).<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RMWOreMLQTg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addressing the group as the guest speaker<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, he admitted that he had to be careful about being seen to be involved in religious activities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI actually get complaints about having this meeting here today \u2013 \u2018Why are you supporting religious activity in the ADF on ADF property as the CDF?\u2019 Well, my response to that is: \u2018Bring on the argument. But I\u2019m the commander of the ADF for all of the ADF, not just bits and pieces people would like me to command\u2019. So there are aspects that I need to be, frankly, a bit delicate about the way that I do business, but not ignoring the needs of my people in the organisation,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hurley spoke about the challenges facing the Defence Force at that time, including deaths of soldiers in Afghanistan and cultural issues reported in the media. To his audience \u2013 fellow Christians \u2013 he emphasised the importance of the spiritual dimension to their work.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIf I was an American, I would say that our job is to \u2018win and fight the nation\u2019s wars&#8217;. That\u2019s what we\u2019re paid to do. And, in a spiritual sense, that\u2019s what we\u2019re asked to do, that\u2019s what we\u2019re told to do, that\u2019s the duty we\u2019re held to. We are here to fight the Lord\u2019s wars in this world,\u201d he told them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hurley was no ordinary guest speaker at the MCF event. He was the group\u2019s Patron, having been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire17.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appointed to that role in 2008<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when he was Vice Chief of the Defence Force. During his seven years as Patron \u2013 before retiring as Chief of the Defence Force \u2013 he was an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire24.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">active participant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the MCF\u2019s activities, including as guest speaker at Christmas events and at a number of seminars. According to the group\u2019s regular magazine, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crossfire<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire21.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hurley not only provided advice<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the MCF but also advocated for it to other members of Defence\u2019s senior leadership. MCF members prayed that Hurley would <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire18.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">champion the group \u201cto the highest levels of Defence\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MCF is no ordinary group. It focuses on evangelising in the Defence Force. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to its current website<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the MCF \u201cexists to promote Christian faith in the Australian Defence Force (ADF)\u201d, and the group\u2019s passion \u201cis to reach the Australian Defence Force for Christ.\u201d It pursues this mission \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primarily through supporting Christians who work in and around the ADF, helping the vital ministry of ADF Chaplains and reaching out to those that want to know more about Christ and the meaning of Christianity.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MCF website provides a range of tools for helping members introduce Christianity in the workplace. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A 16-week course advises members on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/hardq5.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how to talk about Christ with others in Defence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It even teaches them <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/hardq6.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how to treat people of other faiths<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with an overview of the course noting: \u201cThe Bible teaches zero tolerance of other faiths. The ADF required total acceptance of other faiths. How do we reconcile the two? This study compares the ADF policy on religious freedom and compares it to God\u2019s expectation of us.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MCF\u2019s training materials, in encouraging members to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/hardq4.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">talk about their faith in the workplace<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, describe the Defence Force as a \u201cGod-needy environment\u201d. Deployment scenarios, in particular, appear to be ripe for the harvesting. \u201cIf we believe that God is in control of our lives then we must believe that God puts non-Christians in our lives for us to witness to, either directed [sic] or indirectly\u2026 He has put us here on purpose and expects us to make a difference.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Patron, Hurley regularly joined other senior Defence leaders at MCF events. Among guest speakers were figures from the Australian Christian Lobby (ACL). MCF pitched one such event, the \u2018Battlesmart Seminar\u2019 in 2010, as something that would <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire20.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">encourage and equip Christians in Defence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to prepare for and succeed in spiritual battles\u201d. Attendees were told they could expect to gain \u201cBiblical perspectives and practical ways of \u2018taking up the armour of God\u2019 in the workplace.\u201d Hurley opened the event; head of the ACL,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">retired Brigadier and former Chair and Patron of the MCF, Jim Wallace, also gave a speech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"h5d\"><iframe title=\"Former Chief of the Defence Force David Hurley: \u2018We\u2019re here to fight the Lord\u2019s wars\u2026\u2019\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/92Kq8kp6kBo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-level support for such activities is perhaps not surprising given the dominance of Christianity in Defence as an institution \u2013 including in its rituals, commemorations, formative training programs, such as \u2018character development\u2019, and the provision of pastoral care and wellbeing support. But it is also unsurprising when one considers the unusually high degree of religious affiliation \u2013 far above that shown by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/articles\/religious-affiliation-australia#:~:text=Religious%20affiliation%20in%202021,-In%202021%2C%20more&amp;text=In%202021%20the%20most%20common,No%20religion%20(38.9%25)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">national Census<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 among the Defence Force\u2019s most senior leaders.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As outlined by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tQR1GKky3SQ&amp;list=PLvxbHawAPIHzsKLHNXo_M0fP2dQDoBFvN\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">former Army Colonel and Defence statistician Phillip Hoglin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a major gap exists between senior personnel and new recruits when it comes to religious affiliation, with Defence workforce data showing that about 85 per cent of leaders of one-star rank and above are religious \u2013 all of them Christian \u2013 but an overwhelming majority of personnel in the junior ranks are not religious. Only about 20 per cent of new recruits affiliate with a religion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some voices say the high level of religious affiliation of the top ranks is preventing much-needed secular reform, especially to the religious-based pastoral care and wellbeing capability, leading to worsening mental health outcomes for personnel. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tQR1GKky3SQ&amp;list=PLvxbHawAPIHzsKLHNXo_M0fP2dQDoBFvN\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoglin blames<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the heavy identification with Christianity in the top ranks for making the reform of the chaplaincy capability \u201cso difficult\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collin Acton, the former Director-General of Chaplaincy for the Navy, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/radio\/programs\/conversations\/conversations-collin-acton-navy-chaplain\/13846728\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">told ABC radio program <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conversations<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> earlier this year that those in the senior ranks had failed to question Defence\u2019s reliance on \u201cordained ministers of religion\u201d for supporting personnel. \u201cThey probably have good memories of when they were young men and they went out bush and the chaplain was there, or they went to sea and the chaplain was there, and they were a good chap. But it\u2019s a different world now,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditionally, a significant part of the chaplaincy role has been to act as a confidant to commanders and other leaders, with chaplains assisting them, as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-11\/raachd_journal_2018_0.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major General Chris Field wrote in 2018<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in making ethical and moral decisions. According to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the MCF, chaplains in Defence are a \u201ckey component the Lord uses to minister to people\u201d. The group praised Hurley as a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire11.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cstrong support\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for chaplains during his command roles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brigadier Ian Langford, a former commander of the special forces in Afghanistan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/politics\/federal\/a-massive-loss-senior-officer-who-led-special-forces-in-afghanistan-felt-his-position-was-untenable-20220929-p5blxq.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">who was \u201cvoluntarily\u201d discharged this year<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, wrote in 2019 that he would \u201cinsist on having my unit Padre present in orders as well as make a genuine effort to gain his perspective before giving final direction and guidance prior to execution.\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-11\/RAAChD%20Journal%202019.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This practice, he said,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had nothing to do with his competence as a decision maker but served his own need to \u201cbring a lens of spiritual truth to what I was asking my Task Group to do.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defence leaders and chaplains talk about the spiritual side of service personnel, and Defence\u2019s role in helping to foster this, as an important part of the fighting capability. In a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iXJamKJg2o0&amp;t=155s\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">keynote speech to a prayer breakfast in 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Hurley revealed that on his first day as the Chief of Defence Force he asked all the service chiefs to attend a church service. The idea was to \u201cmake a point on day 1\u201d that there was another aspect that Defence and its leaders needed to address. In finishing the speech, he propounded the importance of \u201cgood solid Christian leadership\u201d in helping to drive the country forward.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>&#8230; Hurley revealed that on his first day as the Chief of Defence Force, he asked all the service chiefs to attend a church service.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hurley\u2019s desire to foster this spiritual element was a motivating drive behind his introduction of a training program that aimed at promoting Christianity within Defence. In 2011, he launched the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire22.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DVD-based \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> program at an MCF event. He also appeared in a recorded introductory message at the beginning of the DVD series and in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FOsrWLy8Pg4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">promotional video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The resource was based on a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eternitynews.com.au\/archive\/diggers-meet-faith-under-fire\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">program about Jesus that had been developed by the Centre for\u00a0 Public Christianity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a source, development of \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019 cost taxpayers about $70,000 and was a dogmatic attempt to address the cognitive dissonance that exists between what\u2019s written in the Bible, killing other people, and the notion of \u2018just wars\u2019. According to the then Anglican Bishop to the Defence Force in 2012, Len Eacott, \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019 was <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire23.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pitched to commanding officers <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as \u201cbeing highly relevant to human capability development\u201d. It is understood that some Defence chaplains have faced pushback from new recruits for using the resource as part of \u2018character development\u2019 training.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RMWOreMLQTg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the MCF\u2019s<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Spiritual Boot Camp in 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hurley made it clear that he viewed \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019 as having a role to play as part of the wide-ranging cultural reforms taking place within the Defence Force, following the media storm over scandals about behavioural issues in the institution.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> He told the gathering that Defence Force needed \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019 and that he wanted to \u201cbroaden\u201d it by enmeshing, but not enforcing, it in Defence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the cultural stranglehold that Christianity has over the Defence Force, it is unsurprising that disturbing attitudes towards non-religious personnel and missionary tendencies seemingly go unchecked. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">view that non-religious service personnel are somehow inferior, ill-equipped or in need of God, can be found among the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/16\/the-committee-of-clerics-lording-it-over-defence\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taxpayer-funded Religious Advisory Committee to the Services (RACS)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> accused of blocking secular reforms in Defence and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/24\/losing-faith-in-defence-chaplaincy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">also among Defence chaplains<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But former Defence chiefs have also espoused such views.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2004, the then Chief of the Defence Force General Peter Cosgrove, in a speech to the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Day of Prayer Breakfast, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire10.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reportedly told the audience<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the \u201cold saying\u201d that there were \u201cno atheists in foxholes\u201d was as true as ever. \u201cAt times when the question of their own\u00a0 mortality is writ large in their minds, their thoughts will turn to that axiom of faith for us all, the conviction that there is a higher direction, purpose and safeguard to our existence. I have had nearly 40 years of service and I know that this still holds as true today as ever it did in earlier times,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12655\" style=\"width: 565px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12655\" class=\"wp-image-12655 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Crossfire-cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Crossfire-cover.jpg 555w, https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Crossfire-cover-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12655\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em><strong>General Peter Cosgrove on the cover of the MCF&#8217;s &#8216;Crossfire&#8217; magazine in 2005.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another former military man \u2013 and, indeed, another former Governor General \u2013 Michael Jeffery <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FOsrWLy8Pg4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">appeared in a promotional video<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, published in 2012, touting the importance of the \u2018Faith Under Fire\u2019 program for Defence personnel. In the video, he said that soldiers without a practising faith would have \u201cno basis on which to communicate\u201d with locals when arriving in villages and meeting with tribal leaders.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As members of Defence promoted \u2018Faith Under Under\u2019 in a public arena, the old trope \u2013 of there being \u201cno atheists in foxholes\u201d \u2013 was never too far away. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/radionational\/programs\/religionandethicsreport\/anzac-day-special3a-faith-under-fire\/3969868\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major David Doust told ABC radio<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the sentiment was \u201cclear\u201d that there was truth to the saying. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mcf-a.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/crossfire21.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bishop Eacott wrote<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that a special forces officer had told him soldiers go from \u201cgeneral indifference regarding God, to wanting a chaplain at hand to talk with.\u201d Then Army Reserve Chaplain \u2013 and now the chair of RACS \u2013 Grant Dibden <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eternitynews.com.au\/archive\/diggers-meet-faith-under-fire\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">told Christian media in 2012<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201c&#8230; it\u2019s pretty true, the old statement that there\u2019s not many atheists in the army. We\u2019ve been an army at war. You see poverty, and are faced with the possibility of your own death \u2013 these guys have to think more deeply.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While such attitudes play well in some religious circles, they are surely insulting to the non-religious men and women who have served \u2013 and died \u2013 for Australia in foxholes across the world. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scribepublications.com.au\/books-authors\/books\/the-australian-book-of-atheism-9781921640766\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As historian and writer Chrys Stevenson has argued<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the ANZAC ethos was borne out of mateship, irreverence and contempt for authority \u2013 including religious authority. \u201cPrimarily, it was their faith in each other, not in God, that sustained the ANZACs and, as their legend emerged as the defining moment in the young nation\u2019s history, mateship was elevated to almost-religious status in the national psyche,\u201d she wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being perceived as a \u2018Christian military\u2019 is surely at odds with the expectations of Australian taxpayers and even most personnel in the now majority non-religious workforce. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theforge.defence.gov.au\/publications\/losing-our-religion-adfs-chaplaincy-dilemma#11\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Hoglin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it is also dangerous, giving rise to an \u201coperational bias\u201d that may provide an adversary with \u201canother point of difference and a theological reason to maintain a conflict or target ADF personnel\u201d when operating among non-Christian populations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Afghanistan, there was a narrative that Australian soldiers were part of a \u201ccrusading\u201d force. Alarmingly, a number of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/politics\/federal\/wrong-morally-official-photo-of-ben-roberts-smith-was-altered-to-hide-crusader-s-cross-20210726-p58cvu.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Australian soldiers added Crusaders\u2019 crosses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to their uniforms while fighting the Taliban. The Australia Defence Association blamed \u201cpoor cultural standards\u201d in Defence, with the association\u2019s Neil James labelling the display of the symbols as \u201cwrong morally\u201d and as \u201cexceptionally dumb \u2026 in a counter-insurgency war\u201d. While Defence said it did \u201cnot condone or permit the use\u201d of the Christian iconography, how could people in leadership not have known?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To help counter the narrative, one chaplain, John Saunders, handed out Qur\u2019ans as gifts for Mullahs. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.army.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-11\/raachd_journal_2018_0.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As reported in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Australian Army Chaplaincy Journal<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the tactic had the effect of sending the \u201call-important subliminal message that the Australian military presence was not that of \u2018Crusaders\u2019\u201d. As Chaplain Martin Johnson noted in the same journal edition, chaplains had to work to combat the notion that religion was a source of conflict in the world and to \u201ccontradict the insurgents\u2019 narrative that we are on crusade.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, to this day, the staff of a formal branch of the Army \u2013 the chaplaincy branch \u2013 continue to wear on their uniform an official badge with the motto \u201cIn this sign conquer\u201d, inlaid over a Maltese Cross. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.perthnow.com.au\/news\/nsw\/army-chaplain-motto-backlash-at-plan-to-remove-in-this-sign-conquer-from-hat-badges-ng-08b7802e1628be2342de58d55e8f35b2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite calls from minority faith groups<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for this to be removed due to the motto\u2019s association with the Crusades, the Defence Force has so far failed to act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalist.com.au\/make-a-donation\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-11873\" src=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation-1024x256.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation-1024x256.png 1024w, https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation-768x192.png 768w, https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation-1536x384.png 1536w, https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Rationale-donation.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having endured its fair share of well-publicised cultural problems, the Defence Force has successfully undertaken reform efforts in recent years. These have included efforts to modernise its culture and promote the inclusion of women and of groups such as minority faiths and people of the LGBTIQ community.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clearly, however, it is still to recognise the need of reforming what is perceived as an overly Christian institution into a secular one. It also needs to respect and celebrate the contribution of non-religious personnel, and provide appropriate secular pastoral care and wellbeing support to meet their needs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the Defence Force wants to become culturally diverse, facilitate inclusion and have the broadest possible relevance to society, the transition towards secularism is \u201cessential, if not overdue\u201d, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/search.informit.org\/doi\/epdf\/10.3316\/informit.760111873266946\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">argues Hoglin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Given the religious affiliation of those in the top ranks, it seems unlikely the ignition required to spark that effort will come from within Defence any time soon. It will have to come from external pressure \u2013 from Australians who believe having a secular military is something worth fighting for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>If you wish to republish this original article, please attribute to <\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/\"><b>Rationale<\/b><\/a><b><i>. <\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/publishing-guidelines\/\"><b><i>Click here<\/i><\/b><\/a><b><i> to find out more about republishing under Creative Commons.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Photo by Department of Defence (Commonwealth of Australia).<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>*This article has been revised on 30 November 2023.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is the third in a series on religion in the Australian Defence Force. Read the first article here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":447,"featured_media":12654,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,159],"tags":[537,350],"coauthors":[79],"class_list":["post-12653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethics-religion","category-feature-series","tag-governor-general","tag-military"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/447"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12653"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13864,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12653\/revisions\/13864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12653"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=12653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}