{"id":12276,"date":"2022-09-19T17:42:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T07:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/?p=12276"},"modified":"2022-09-19T17:42:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T07:42:38","slug":"not-my-king-protesting-the-monarchy-at-a-time-of-mourning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/2022\/09\/19\/not-my-king-protesting-the-monarchy-at-a-time-of-mourning\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Not my king\u2019: Protesting the monarchy at a time of mourning"},"content":{"rendered":"

During the present period of mourning for Queen Elizabeth II, public sensitivities in the United Kingdom and Australia are high. There\u2019s strong sentiment in both countries in favour of showing respect for the Queen\u2019s death. Some people may wish to do this privately. Others will want to demonstrate their respect publicly by attending commemorations and processions.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are also cohorts within both countries that may wish to express discontent and disagreement with the monarchy at this time. For instance, groups such as Indigenous peoples and others who were subject to dispossession and oppression by the British monarchy may wish to express <\/span>important political views about these significant and continuing injustices<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

This has caused tension across the globe. For instance, a professor from the United States who tweeted a critical comment of the Queen has been subject to <\/span>significant public backlash<\/span><\/a>. Also, an Aboriginal rugby league player is <\/span>facing a ban and a fine by the NRL<\/span><\/a> for similar negative comments she posted online following the Queen\u2019s death.<\/span><\/p>\n

This tension has been particularly so in the UK, where police have questioned protestors expressing anti-monarchy sentiments, and in some cases, <\/span>arrested them<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

But should such concerns about the actions of the Queen and monarchy be silenced or limited because a public declaration of mourning has been made by the government?<\/span><\/p>\n

This raises some difficult questions as to how the freedom of speech of both those who wish to grieve publicly and those who wish to protest should be balanced.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are various laws that regulate protest in the UK. At a basic level, police can arrest a person for a \u201cbreach of the peace\u201d. Also, two statutes provide specific offences that allow police to arrest protestors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Section 5<\/span><\/a> of the Public Order Act 1986 UK provides that a person is guilty of a public order offence if: they use threatening or abusive words or behaviour or disorderly behaviour; or display any writing, sign or other visible representation which is threatening or abusive.<\/span><\/p>\n

The offence provision then provides this must be \u201cwithin the hearing or sight of a person likely to be caused harassment, alarm or distress\u201d by those acts.<\/span><\/p>\n

There\u2019s some protection for speech in the legislation because people arrested under this provision can argue a defence of \u201creasonable excuse\u201d. However, there\u2019s still a great deal of discretion placed in the hands of the police.<\/span><\/p>\n

The other statute that was recently amended is the <\/span>Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act of 2022<\/span><\/a>, which allows police to arrest protestors for \u201cpublic nuisance\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the context of the period of mourning for Queen Elizabeth II, the wide terms used in this legislation (such as \u2018nuisance\u2019 and \u2018distress\u2019) gives a lot of discretion to police to arrest protestors who they perceive to be upsetting others. For instance, a protestor who holds a placard saying, \u201cNot my king, abolish the monarchy\u201d, may be seen as likely to cause distress to others given the high sensitivities in the community during the period of mourning.<\/span><\/p>\n

It may be uncomfortable or even distressing for those wishing to publicly grieve the Queen\u2019s passing to see anti-monarchy placards displayed. But that doesn\u2019t make it a criminal offence that allows protestors to be arrested.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Protest rights are recognised in both the UK and in Australia, but in different ways. In the UK, the right to freedom of expression is recognised in <\/span>Article 10<\/span><\/a> of the Human Rights Act.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Australia, there\u2019s no equivalent of the right to freedom of expression at the federal level, as Australia doesn\u2019t have a national human rights charter. Rather, there\u2019s a constitutional principle called the \u201c<\/span>implied freedom of political communication<\/span><\/a>\u201d. This isn\u2019t a \u2018right\u2019 as such but does provide some acknowledgement of the importance of protest.<\/span><\/p>\n

Also, freedom of expression is recognised in the three jurisdictions in Australia that have human rights instruments (Victoria, Queensland and the ACT).<\/span><\/p>\n

In this period of public mourning, people wishing to assemble in a public place to pay respect to the Queen are exercising two primary human rights: the right to assembly and the right to freedom of expression. But these aren\u2019t absolute rights. They cannot override the rights of others to also express their own views.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, there\u2019s no recognised right to assemble without annoyance or disturbance from others. That is, others in the community are also permitted to gather in a public place during the period of mourning and voice their views, which may be critical of the Queen or monarchy.<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s important to also note that neither the UK nor Australia protects the monarchy against criticism. This is significant because in some countries, such as Thailand, it\u2019s a criminal offence to insult the monarch. These are called <\/span>l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9<\/span><\/i><\/a> laws \u2013 a French term meaning \u201cto do wrong to majesty\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

The police in the UK and Australia cannot therefore use public order offences, such as breach of the peace, to unlawfully limit public criticism of the monarchy.<\/span><\/p>\n

It may be uncomfortable or even distressing for those wishing to publicly grieve the Queen\u2019s passing to see anti-monarchy placards displayed. But that doesn\u2019t make it a criminal offence that allows protestors to be arrested.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ability to voice dissent is vital for a functioning democracy. It\u2019s therefore arguable that people should be able to voice their concerns with the monarchy even in this period of heightened sensitivity. The only way in which anti-monarchy sentiment can lawfully be suppressed is in a state of emergency. A public period of mourning does not meet that standard.<\/span><\/p>\n

This article was originally published in <\/i><\/b>The Conversation<\/b><\/a>. It is republished under Creative Commons.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Photo by <\/i><\/b>UK Government<\/i><\/b><\/a> on Flickr.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During the present period of mourning for Queen Elizabeth II, public sensitivities in the United Kingdom and Australia are high.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":578,"featured_media":12278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[417,472],"coauthors":[475],"class_list":["post-12276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-law-politics","tag-freedom-of-speech","tag-monarchy"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/578"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12276"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12281,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12276\/revisions\/12281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12276"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rationalemagazine.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=12276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}